history of madras in tamil

Dieser wurde 1956 durch den States Reorganisation Act nach den Sprachgrenzen des Tamil neu formiert und 1969 in Tamil Nadu umbenannt. Tanjore Big Temple Mysteries - Secret of Cholas - … Tondaimandalam was ruled in the 2nd century CE by Tonda… In 1788, Thomas Parry arrived in Madras as a free merchant and he set up one of the oldest mercantile companies in the city and one of the oldest in the country (EID Parry). As more and more Indians arrived from the countryside to work in the city, the British and other Europeans found it increasingly difficult to establish or maintain independent wealth as they had during the early East Indian regime. Chennai, originally known as "Madras", was located in the province of Tondaimandalam, an area lying between Penna River of Nellore and the Ponnaiyar river of Cuddalore. Earlier, Panagal Raja, Chief Minister of Madras Presidency in the early 1920s had suggested that the Cooum River be the boundary between the Tamil and Telugu administrative areas. The development of a harbour in Madras led the city to become an important centre for trade between India and Europe in the 18th century. The grant expired, and Ivy sent Factor Greenhill on a mission to Chandragiri to meet the new Raja and to get the grant renewed. [11] The dispute arose as over the preceding hundred years, the early British, European workers and small cottage capitalists had been replaced in large part by both Tamil and Telugu speaking people. History about Chennai. It is dated October - November 1645. John Binny came to Madras in 1797 and he established the textile company Binny & Co in 1814. ORIGIN OF ISC* By Prof. (Dr.) K. Chockalingam** Founder Secretary, ISC . In 1522, the Portuguese built a port called Sao Tome. In 1969 Madras state was renamed as the state of Tamil Nadu. (iii) The Madras Mahajana Sabha demanded conduct of civil services examinations only in India. As stipulated by the Treaty signed with the Nayak, the British and other Christian Europeans were not allowed to decorate the outside of their buildings in any other color but white. During World War I, Madras (Chennai) was shelled by the German light cruiser SMS Emden, resulting in 5 civilian deaths and 26 wounded. This period witnessed remarkable development of trade and increase in wealth resulting in the building of many fine houses, mansions, housing developments, an expanded port and city complete with new city walls, and various churches and schools for the British colonists and missionary schools for the local Indian population. However, from 1960s, the Central government started gearing up the use of Hindi in business and government. Other prominent companies in the city included Gordon Woodroffe, Best & Crompton, Higginbotham's, Hoe & Co and P. Orr & Sons. Eminent Professors like Prof.K.N. The Raja, Venkatapathy Rayulu, was succeeded by his nephew Sri Rangarayulu in 1642, and Sir Francis Day was succeeded by Thomas Ivy. Breaking with the tradition of the closed and almost wholly British controlled system of the English East India Company, The Madras Chamber of Commerce was founded in 1836 by Fredrick Adam, Governor of the Madras Presidency (the second oldest Chamber of Commerce in the country). The history of Tamil Nadu goes back to the early stone age. This site is owned and managed by WN Network. The Pallavas held sway over this region from the beginning of the 3rd century to the closing years of the 9th century, except for the interval of some decades when the region was under the Kalabhras. The name Madras was Derived from Madrasan a fisherman head who lived in coastal area of Madras. Under Hindu caste code, as well as English Common Law, it is unlikely that Fort St. George was built upon the village of Madraspatnam and its inhabitants incorporated into the new town. Madras was called as Madras Province which comprised earlier the south Indian states of Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andra Pradesh, and Karnataka. As a result, during the Governorship of Elihu Yale (1687–92), the large number of British and European settlers led to the most important political event which was the formation of the institution of a Mayor and the Corporation for the city of Madras. Further militating against the name "Chennai", Chennapatnam was the name in later years of an area explicitly detailed as having been incorporated of native villages, European plantations, and European merchant houses outside of the combined city of Madras consisting of Fort St. George, and White and Black Town. By 1646, the settlement had reached 19,000 persons and with the Portuguese and Dutch populations at their forts substantially more. (i) Madras Native Association was founded in 1852. They began construction of the Fort St George on 23 April 1640 and houses for their residence. According to the new party history, instead of being named Madras, it was named Chennai, after a village called Chennapattanam, in honour of Damarla Chennapa Nayakudu, father of Damerla Venkatadri Nayakadu, who controlled the entire coastal country from Pulicat in the north to the Portuguese settlement of Santhome.[4][5]. Tamil Nadu Information - History Of Tamil Nadu. [14], Chennai's earlier name of Madras is similarly mired in controversy. 1st century CE was ruled under the Cholas. Subsequent to Ilam Tiraiyan, the region was ruled by the Chola Prince Ilam Killi. Lastly, while the Fort St. George, White Town, and Black Town areas were fully incorporated together by the late 18th century, and was known as Madras, Chennapatnam was its own separate entity existing under the authority of Fort St. George well into the 19th century. Thereafter in a nod to the declining fortunes of the British textile owners and skilled workers who were still extant in the city, the Madras Trades Association was established in 1856, by which the old colonial families still involved in the skilled and textile trades were granted entry into the British and Indian financial trade system. 3:27 . Madras was the capital of the Madras Presidency and thus became home to important commercial organisations. The bank still has its corporate headquarters in the city. Instead, being the gateway of trade and the centre of the economy of the region, the English settlement and their fort of 1639–40, which was the basis for the presently named city of Chennai, was likely called Madras as well by the rest of India. The region was under the control of the Damerla Venkatadri Nayakar, a Padma Velama Nayak chieftain of Srikalahasti and Vandavasi. Following the Treaty of Madras which brought that war to an end, the external threats to Madras significantly decreased. Srinivasanar was an extremist. The original building which housed Spencer & Co. was burnt down in a fire in 1983 and the present structure houses one of the largest shopping malls in India, Spencer Plaza. The 2004 tsunami lashed the shores of Chennai killing many. The first official use of the name Chennai is said to be in a sale deed, dated 8 August 1639, to Francis Day of the East India Company. Francis Day, one of the officers of the company, who was then a Member of the Masulipatam Council and the Chief of the Armagon Factory, made a voyage of exploration in 1637 down the coast as far as Pondicherry with a view to choosing a site for a new settlement. Under this Charter, the British and Protestant inhabitants were granted the rights of self-government and independence from company law. May 21, 2019 - 525 Likes, 7 Comments - Brown History (@brownhistory) on Instagram: “Portrait of a seated girl wearing Jewellery, from Madras in Tamil Nadu - 1872” Eventually, after additional provocations from Golkonda, the British pushed back until they defeated him. The Original Name of Madras Is Puliyur kottam which is 2000 year old Tamil ancient name. Following the British victory in the Seven Years' War they eventually dominated, driving the French, the Dutch and the Danes away entirely, and reducing the French dominions in India to four tiny coastal enclaves. These settlers and their families spread throughout India or settled in the cities, with Madras being one of their principal entry points. The next year British built the Fort St. George which then became a core part of the growing colonial city. He was the local governor for the last Raja of Chandragiri, Sri Ranga Raya VI of Vijayanagar Empire. Bibliography on Tamil History, Ethnicity, Culture, Srilankan Tamils and Tamilnadu Politics, posted by Tamil Electronic Library ... Madras Presidency, in : Statesman's Yearbook 1928 pp.158-159 (data of 1926-1928); India and Dependencies : Madras States, ibid. Alternative Titles: Ceṉṉai, Madras, Madraspatnam Chennai, formerly Madras, city, capital of Tamil Nadu state, southern India, on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. On July 18, 1967, Chief Minister Anna prepared a resolution to change the name of Madras State to Tamil Nadu in English and Tamil languages. The grant signed between Damarla Venkatadri and the English had to be authenticated or confirmed by the Raja of Chandragiri - Venkatapathy Rayulu. In the latter part of the 17th century, Madras steadily progressed during the period of the East India Company and under many Governors. Photo credit: Flickr/Balu Velachery/ Madras witnessed further political violence due to the civil war in Sri Lanka, with 33 people killed by a bomb planted by the Tamil Eelam Army at the airport in 1984, and assassination of thirteen members of the EPRLF and two Indian civilians by the rival LTTE in 1991. Francis Day and his superior Andrew Cogan can be considered as the founders of Madras (now Chennai). The British regained control in 1749 through the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. The region of Tamil Nadu (now one of the states in the south of the Republic of India) has been under continuous human habitation since prehistoric times. Karuthiraman said, “Madras is a name in world history; Tamil Nadu will take time to reach the same heights”. Today, modern Chennai, formerly known as Madras is a large cultural, commercial and industrial centre, and is known for its cultural heritage and temple architecture. The first Grant of Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu makes mention of the village of Madraspatnam as incorporated into East India lands but not of Chennapatnam. [6] Ayyappa Nayakudu persuaded his brother to lease the sandy strip to Francis Day and promised him trade benefits, army protection, and Persian horses in return. As a result, over time, the area came to be known as 'White Town'. Learn how and when to remove this template message, the British victory in the Seven Years' War, "District profile - Chennai district administration- official website", The Madras Tercentenary commemoration volume, Volume 1939, http://www.chennaicorporation.com/madras_history.htm, http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/chennai-gets-unesco-recognition-for-music-117110801271_1.html, History of Fort St George and Black Town - Madras, Picasa Gallery - Historical Photos of Madras, 1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike, 1932 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Strike, Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority, Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India), Government Multi Super-speciality Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Chennai&oldid=998331481, Articles needing additional references from January 2009, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Narimedu (area to the west of Madraspatnam), This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 22:24. Today, Chennai also has a growing expatriate population especially from the United States, Europe and East Asia who work in the industries and IT centres. The English soon realized that the port Armagon was unsuitable for trade purposes. In 2004, An 'Indian Ocean Tsunami' altered the coastline of Chennai permanently, killing many and leaving thousands of hundreds homeless. Contact our Advertising team for Advertising or Sponsorship on TravelAgents.com Network. History Of Tamil Nadu. To trace the history of the oldest neighbourhood of Madras, one has to get acquainted with a Welsh Merchant who went by the name Thomas Parry. The Department of comparative Philology, Oriental Research Institute, University of Madras first began its researches in Tamil in 1914. He was also an influential Nayak ruler under the Vijayanagara King Peda Venkata Raya then based in Chandragiri-Vellore Fort, was in-charge of the area of present Chennai city when the English East India Company arrived to establish a factory in the area.[2][3]. Anavaratanayakam Pillai, Sri.S. The Archdiocese of Madras and the Diocese of Mylapore was amalgamated and established as the “Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore”. Although, Madraspatnam is named in later records following the establishment of Fort St. George, this is likely because of the discriminatory nature of the local caste system. A Congress volunteer corps of about 1000 members was set up to … Madras translation in English-Tamil dictionary. The History of Tamil Nadu … Thiruvotriyur is a historically important port city, now forms part of north Chennai. … The Cholas who were very active during the Sangam age were entirely absent during the first few centuries. history of madurai in tamil General News January 20th, 2021 January 20th, 2021 [12] In 1953, the political and administrative dominance of Tamils, both at the Union and State levels ensured that Madras was not transferred to the new state of Andhra. The region then passed into the hands of the Dutch, who established themselves near Pulicat just north of the city in 1612. Each time, the survivors fell back upon the safety of the Fort St George. The Decree of the Sacred Congregation of Propaganda Fide, promulgated the Papal Bull, ‘Ex Primaevae Ecclesiae’ on 13th November 1952 during the reign of Pope Pius XII. The city has changed its boundaries as well as the geographic limits of its quarters several times, principally as a result of raids by surrounding Hindu and Muslim powers. Showing page 1. Another small town, Chennapatnam, lay to the south of it. It was from Damarla Venkatadri Nayakadu domain, on 22 August 1639, the piece of land lying between the river Cooum almost at the point it enters the sea and another river known as the Egmore river was granted to East India Company after deed from Vijaynagara emperor. It was considered as a part of the empire of the King of Chandragiri, the period when the British arrived in 1639 A.D. Further; it was named as Chennapattanam by the British when they acquired it from Chennappa Nayaka, the leader of Vijayanagar. This new grant is important regarding the legal and civic development of the English settlement. The 1783 version of Fort St George is what still stands today. According to the treaty, only Europeans, principally Protestant British settlers were allowed to live in this area as outside of this confine, non-Indians were not allowed to own property. After India's Independence, the state of Madras came into existence and 1968, the name was changed to Tamil Nadu. In 1906, the city experienced a financial crisis with the failure of its leading merchant bank, Arbuthnot & Co. They reached Madraspatnam on 20 February 1640; and this date is important because it marks the first actual settlement of the English at the place. Collectively, the original Fort St. George settlement, "White Town", and "Black Town" were called Madras. The Dioceses of Chingleput, Coimbatore, Ootacamund and Vellore … He had his headquarters at Wandiwash, and his brother Ayyappa Nayakudu resided at Poonamallee, a few miles to the west of Madras, where he looked after the affairs of the coast. Chennai, originally known as "Madras", was located in the province of Tondaimandalam, an area lying between Penna River of Nellore and the Ponnaiyar river of Cuddalore. During 16th and 18th century, Madras was ruled by Portuguese and Frenchmen. Under British rule, the city grew into a major urban centre and naval base. SUBRAMANIA SIVA V.O. Dhanu. In 1927, a separate Tamil Department was established in the Institute. With an estimated population of 8.9 million (2014), the 400-year-old city is the 31st largest metropolitan area in the world. A popular explanation is that the name comes from the name of Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu, Nayaka of Chandragiri and Vandavasi, father of Damarla Venkatadri Nayakudu, from whom the English acquired the town in 1639. Several times throughout the life of the colony, the Fort became the last refuge of Europeans and their allied Indian communities due to raids by several Indian rulers and powers, which resulted in the almost total destruction of the town. Upon this settlement, the English expanded their colony to include a number of other European communities, new British settlements, and various native villages, one of which was named Mudhirasa pattanam. In the same year, former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in Sriperumbudur, a small town close to Chennai, whilst campaigning in Tamil Nadu, by Thenmuli Rajaratnam A.K.A. The capital of the province was Kancheepuram. Bappaswami, who is considered as the ruler to rule from Kanchipuram, was himself a chieftain (of the tract around) at Kanchipuram under the Satavahana empire in the beginning of the 3rd century. 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